Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Role of Cancer Associated Fibroblast (CAF) derived miRNAs on head and neck malignancies microenvironment: a systematic review

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-13965-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary characteristics of included studies

Article Snippet: Qin, et al. [ , ] , 2019 , china , In vitro (human) and In vivo (animal) , head and neck cancer (HNC) , In vitro case sample: 1. 80 pairs of tumor and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from patients diagnosed with primary HNC and underwent initial surgery between September 2011 and June 2015; another 28 pairs were collected between July 2018 and September 2018 2. In another 40 HNC patients, plasma samples were collected one day before surgery and three days after tumor resection 3. SCC-4, SCC-9, SCC-25, CAL 27, and 293 T cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA), and the University of Maryland Dental School, USA kindly provided the human HNC cell lines HN4, HN6, and HN30 In vitro control sample: Plasma samples from 30 donors who had undergone physical examination at the Ninth People’s Hospital were selected as healthy controls In vivo case sample: A tumor-bearing model was constructed in BALB/C athymic nude mice (4 weeks old) , 1. Cell cultures 2. Immunofluorescence 3. Western blot analysis 4. MTT assay 5. CM preparation 6. Exosome isolation 7. Transmission electron microscopy 8. Fluorescent labeling and transfer of exosomes 9. Co-culture assay 10. Plasmid construction 11. Cell transfection 12. Biotin miRNA pull-down assay 13. RNA extraction and real-time PCR analysis 14. RIP assay 15. Luciferase analysis 16. Immunoprecipitation of miRNA targets 17. Tumorigenicity assay in vivo 18. Statistical analyses , • Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are naturally resistant to cisplatin and play a crucial role in controlling the survival and growth of head and neck cancer cells by transferring active miR-196a from CAFs to tumor cells through exosomes • Exosomal miR-196a interacts with new targets, CDKN1B and ING5, to provide resistance to cisplatin in head and neck cancer cells. Eliminating exosome or exosomal miR-196a from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) restored head and neck cancer (HNC) sensitivity to cisplatin • Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived exosomes may employ heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) to assist in packaging miR-196a • Higher levels of plasma exosomal miR-196a are associated with reduced overall survival rates and resistance to therapy , The study discovered that miR-196a from CAF-derived exosomes causes resistance to cisplatin in head and neck cancer via affecting CDKN1B and ING5. This suggests that miR-196a might be a valuable indicator and a possible target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control, Formalin-fixed Paraffin-Embedded, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Cell Culture, Transfection, Western Blot, Migration, Biomarker Discovery, Isolation, Purification, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Over Expression, Labeling, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, RNA Extraction, Sequencing, Quantitative Proteomics, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Luciferase, Gene Expression, Disruption, Reporter Assay, Immunodepletion, Amplification, Immunocytochemistry, Flow Cytometry, Derivative Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Extraction, Microarray, Contraction Assay, Comparison, In Vivo, Ex Vivo, Staining, Invasion Assay, Tube Formation Assay, Fluorescence, In Situ Hybridization, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Inhibition, Apoptosis Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Produced, Phospho-proteomics, Transformation Assay, Activation Assay, Cell Isolation, Transduction, Stable Transfection, DNA Methylation Assay, Cell Migration Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Zymography, Functional Assay, Translocation Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Construct, MTT Assay, Co-culture Assay, Pull Down Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Tumorigenicity Assay, Transferring, RNA Sequencing, Knockdown, Small Interfering RNA, Immunostaining, Protein-Protein interactions, Gradient Centrifugation, CCK-8 Assay, Injection, Protein Extraction

Journal: Science Progress

Article Title: Role of thrombus-derived exosomal lncRNA LOC101928697 in regulating endothelial function via FUS protein interaction in myocardial infarction

doi: 10.1177/00368504251372111

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of the correlation between FUS protein and myocardial infarction. (a) Enrichment Analysis Bar Plot based on differential gene expression profiles in lncRNA microarray analysis.(b) Detection information about lncRNA LOC101928697 binding to FUS proteins in AnnoLnc2 database. (c) Detection information about lncRNA LOC101928697 binding to FUS protein in RBPDP database. (d) Scores in the RPISeq database on the model of lncRNA LOC101928697 binding to FUS protein. (e-g) Prediction information about lncRNA LOC101928697 binding to FUS protein in catRAPID website, (e) Statistical map information about protein and RNA binding sites, (f) Total scoring information, and (g) Interaction map showing the interaction region between protein and RNA. (h-i) Analyses about bioinformatics techniques based on GSE163772 in the GEO database, where (h) is a statistical map of FUS gene expression in endothelial cells of a mouse model of myocardial infarction, and (i) A scatter plot about the correlation between the level of FUS gene expression and the disease state (control vs. myocardial infarction).

Article Snippet: After extensive washing, the bound proteins were eluted, separated by SDS-PAGE, and analyzed by Western blot using anti-FUS antibody (Proteintech, Cat No. 11570-1-AP, dilution 1:5000) to detect the enrichment of FUS protein.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Microarray, Binding Assay, RNA Binding Assay, Control

Journal: Science Progress

Article Title: Role of thrombus-derived exosomal lncRNA LOC101928697 in regulating endothelial function via FUS protein interaction in myocardial infarction

doi: 10.1177/00368504251372111

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interaction of exosomal lncRNA LOC101928697 with FUS proteins. (a and b) The western blot detection of FUS protein expression in each group of cells and the statistical graph. (c) Statistical graph of RT-qPCR to detect the expression of FUS at the mRNA level in each group of cells. (d) The fluorescence graph of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiment. In which FUS was labeled with green fluorescence, lncRNA LOC101928697 was labeled with red fluorescence, and the nucleus was labeled with blue fluorescence (20×). (e) Western blot detection of FUS protein following RNA pull-down using sense or antisense LOC101928697 transcripts. (f) Quantification of FUS protein enrichment in sense RNA pull-down versus antisense control, based on densitometric analysis. (g-h) Western blot detection of FUS protein expression in each group of cells after knockdown or overexpression of lncRNA LOC101928697 and the statistical graphs. (i) Statistical graph of mRNA level expression of FUS in each group of cells after knockdown or overexpression of lncRNA LOC101928697 by RT-qPCR assay. a p < 0.05 compared to control group. b p < 0.05 compared to exosome group. c p < 0.05 compared to siRNA + exosome group.

Article Snippet: After extensive washing, the bound proteins were eluted, separated by SDS-PAGE, and analyzed by Western blot using anti-FUS antibody (Proteintech, Cat No. 11570-1-AP, dilution 1:5000) to detect the enrichment of FUS protein.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Fluorescence, In Situ Hybridization, Labeling, Protein Enrichment, Control, Knockdown, Over Expression

Journal: European Journal of Inflammation

Article Title: Human interaction targets of SARS-COV-2 spike protein: A systematic review

doi: 10.1177/1721727X221095382

Figure Lengend Snippet: Basic characteristics of the included studies.

Article Snippet: Y. M. Hu , The in vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin against common human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 was mediated by targeting the heparan sulfate co-receptor , Human RD, Huh-7 cell, HEK293T cell, HCT-8 cell, Caco-2 cell, Calu-3 cell, and MRC-5 cell lines , Immunofluorescence, differential scanning fluorimetry, real-time PCR , ACE2 , lactoferrin (LF) had broad-spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E in cell culture, and bovine lactoferrin (BLF) was more potent than human lactoferrin. BLF bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), thereby blocking viral attachment to the host cell. The antiviral activity of BLF could be antagonized by the HSPG mimetic heparin. The antiviral activity of LF was synergistic with remdesivir in cell culture. The N-terminal positively charged region in BLF (residues 17–41) conferred the binding to HSPGs , ( ) .

Techniques: Expressing, Sequencing, Binding Assay, Mutagenesis, Flow Cytometry, Activity Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Microneutralization Assay, Spectroscopy, Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, Infection, Single Vesicle Fusion Assay, Activation Assay, Pull Down Assay, Affinity Chromatography, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Cell Culture, In Situ, Microarray, In Vitro, RNA Extraction, Functional Assay, Coagulation, Ex Vivo, Transgenic Assay, Transduction, Microscopy, Generated, Protein Binding, Blocking Assay, Isolation, RNA Sequencing Assay, Methylation, Mass Spectrometry, Purification, Neutralization, Imaging, Co-culture Assay, Luciferase, Titration, Depletion Assay, Chromatography, Inhibition, Next-Generation Sequencing, TCID50 Assay, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Transmission Assay, Plaque Assay, Derivative Assay, Immunostaining, SPR Assay, Concentration Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Digital PCR, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, In Vivo, Immunoprecipitation, Cell Attachment Assay, Marker, Variant Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, In Situ Hybridization, Protease Inhibitor, Transfection, Recombinant, Immunohistofluorescence, cDNA Library Assay, Labeling, Microscale Thermophoresis, Cytotoxicity Assay, Conjugation Assay, Raman Spectroscopy, Affinity Precipitation, Fluorescence, Förster Resonance Energy Transfer, Tube Formation Assay, DNA Methylation Assay, Peptide Microarray, TUNEL Assay, Kinase Assay, Confocal Microscopy, Endocytosis Assay, Affinity Purification, Over Expression, Proliferation Assay, Clone Assay, Transcomplementation Assay, Cell-Cell Fusion Assay, Silver Staining, Cell Adhesion Assay, Construct, Electron Microscopy, Produced, shRNA, Angiogenesis Assay, Far Western Blot, Dot Blot, Negative Staining, Enzymatic Assay, Multicolor Immunofluorescence Staining, CRISPR, Modification, XTT Assay

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Role of Cancer Associated Fibroblast (CAF) derived miRNAs on head and neck malignancies microenvironment: a systematic review

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-13965-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary characteristics of included studies

Article Snippet: LI‐PING SUN- et al. [ ] , 2019 , China , In vitro (Human) , Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) , Case example: 1. Participants and tissue specimens Forty-seven patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), including 27 men and 20 women aged 39 to 72 years, who underwent tumor removal surgery at Liaocheng People's Hospital's Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017 2. Culturing cells Oral squamous cell carcinoma The CAL-27 cells were acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Manassas, VA, USA) , 1. Culturing cells 2. Fibroblast isolation 3. OSCC cells co-cultured with CAFs or NFs 4. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) 5. Immunocytochemistry 6. Isolation of exosomes 7. Conducting Western blot analysis 8. Transfection 9. Isolation of RNA and quantitative real-time PCR 10. Conducting Transwell migration and invasion tests 11. Analysis using flow cytometry Identifying potential targets of miR-382-5p in Targetscan 13. Data analysis , • miR-382-5p levels were higher in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) than in fibroblasts from nearby healthy tissue. This increase in miR-382-5p was associated with the migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells • It was shown that exosomes from cancer-associated fibroblasts carried miR-382-5p to oral squamous cell carcinoma cells , Exosomes derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts transfer miR-382-5p to oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, enhancing their ability to move and invade. The work validated a novel mechanism via which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) proliferation, providing possible avenues for cancer therapy.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control, Formalin-fixed Paraffin-Embedded, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Cell Culture, Transfection, Western Blot, Migration, Biomarker Discovery, Isolation, Purification, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Over Expression, Labeling, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, RNA Extraction, Sequencing, Quantitative Proteomics, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Luciferase, Gene Expression, Disruption, Reporter Assay, Immunodepletion, Amplification, Immunocytochemistry, Flow Cytometry, Derivative Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Extraction, Microarray, Contraction Assay, Comparison, In Vivo, Ex Vivo, Staining, Invasion Assay, Tube Formation Assay, Fluorescence, In Situ Hybridization, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Inhibition, Apoptosis Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Produced, Phospho-proteomics, Transformation Assay, Activation Assay, Cell Isolation, Transduction, Stable Transfection, DNA Methylation Assay, Cell Migration Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Zymography, Functional Assay, Translocation Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Construct, MTT Assay, Co-culture Assay, Pull Down Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Tumorigenicity Assay, Transferring, RNA Sequencing, Knockdown, Small Interfering RNA, Immunostaining, Protein-Protein interactions, Gradient Centrifugation, CCK-8 Assay, Injection, Protein Extraction

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: m 6 A-modified circRNA MYO1C participates in the tumor immune surveillance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through m 6 A/PD-L1 manner

doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-05570-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Heatmap of circRNA microarray showed the up or downregulated circRNAs in the METTL3 overexpression transfection versus control transfection in PANC-1 cells. B Several candidate circRNAs were quantitatively analyzed by RT-qPCR in PANC-1 cells. C The genomic loci of the MYO1C gene and generation of circMYO1C. Sanger sequencing confirmed the head-to-hail splicing site of circMYO1C. D Actinomycin D administration assay was performed on PANC-1 cells and then an expression of circMYO1C and linear MYO1C mRNA was detected using RT-qPCR. E The RNase R digestion was performed on PANC-1 cells and then an expression of circMYO1C and linear MYO1C mRNA was detected using RT-qPCR. F RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) using circMYO1C probes showed the distribution of circMYO1C in PDAC cells. G The expression of circMYO1C in the clinical specimens of PDAC patients. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: PDAC cells (PANC-1, Capan-2, BxPC-3, and CFPAC-1) and normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line (HPDE6) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and Chinese Academy of Sciences Cell Bank (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Microarray, Over Expression, Transfection, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Sequencing, Expressing, Fluorescence, In Situ Hybridization

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: m 6 A-modified circRNA MYO1C participates in the tumor immune surveillance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through m 6 A/PD-L1 manner

doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-05570-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: A RT-qPCR indicated the circMYO1C expression in PDAC cells (PANC-1, Capan-2, BxPC-3, CFPAC-1) normalized to normal cells (HPDE6). GAPDH acted as the internal control. B pcDNA vector (Capan-2 cell line) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA1/2/3) stable transfection (PANC-1 cell line) were performed following RT-qPCR quantitative analysis. C CCK-8 viability assay was performed for PDAC cells’ proliferation using short hairpin RNA (shRNA1/3) or circMYO1C overexpression. D Transwell migration assay was performed for the migrative ability of PDAC cells. Migrated cells were counted using short hairpin RNA (shRNA1/3) or circMYO1C overexpression. E Wound healing assay was performed for the migrated distance of PDAC cells after 48 h using short hairpin RNA (shRNA1/3) or circMYO1C overexpression. F Ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay was performed for DNA synthesis using short hairpin RNA (shRNA1/3) or circMYO1C overexpression. EdU-positive cells were counted. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: PDAC cells (PANC-1, Capan-2, BxPC-3, and CFPAC-1) and normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line (HPDE6) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and Chinese Academy of Sciences Cell Bank (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Control, Plasmid Preparation, shRNA, Stable Transfection, CCK-8 Assay, Viability Assay, Over Expression, Transwell Migration Assay, Wound Healing Assay, DNA Synthesis

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: m 6 A-modified circRNA MYO1C participates in the tumor immune surveillance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through m 6 A/PD-L1 manner

doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-05570-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: A MeRIP-PCR analysis of m 6 A enrichment of circMYO1C in the PDAC cells (Capan-2, PANC-1). B Western blot analysis detected the METTL3 production in Capan-2 cells transfected with METTL3 overexpression and in PANC-1 cells transfected with METTL3 silencing. C RT-qPCR analysis detected the circMYO1C level in Capan-2 cells or PANC-1 cells transfected with METTL3 overexpression or silencing. D The interactions between METTL3 and circMYO1C was identified by RNA pull-down assays in Capan-2 cells using biotin-labeled circMYO1C probes. Western blots identified the pulled METTL3 protein. E Genomic schematic diagram displayed the potential m 6 A-modified sites in the upstream (intron 7) and reverse m 6 A sequence in downstream (intron 9). F MeRIP-PCR analysis detected the m6A enrichment of ruptured sequences n upstream (up-1#, up-2#, up-3#, up-4#) and downstream (down-1*, down-2*, down-3*, down-4*). G RIP-qPCR assay using anti-METTL3 or anti-IgG illustrated the molecular binding of METTL3 with an upstream site (up#) and downstream site (down*). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: PDAC cells (PANC-1, Capan-2, BxPC-3, and CFPAC-1) and normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line (HPDE6) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and Chinese Academy of Sciences Cell Bank (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Western Blot, Transfection, Over Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Labeling, Modification, Sequencing, Binding Assay

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: m 6 A-modified circRNA MYO1C participates in the tumor immune surveillance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through m 6 A/PD-L1 manner

doi: 10.1038/s41419-023-05570-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Mice were injected with short hairpin RNA (shRNA-circMYO1C) stable transfection or control groups. Tumor weight was recorded after the mice sacrifice. B Tumor volume was recorded every three days and calculated using the formula (0.52 × length × width × width). C Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for PD-L1 was performed using the in vivo tissue. D Moreover, the PDAC cells were transfected with firefly luciferase-labeled vectors. The anesthetic mice were monitored using bioluminescence in vivo imaging system. E CCK-8 viability assay was performed using PANC-1 cells transfected with PD-L1 overexpression (PD-L1) and circMYO1C knockdown (sh-circMYO1C-1) or IGF2BP2 silencing (si-IGF2BP2). F Transwell migration assay was performed using PANC-1 cells transfected with PD-L1 overexpression (PD-L1) and circMYO1C knockdown (sh-circMYO1C-1) or IGF2BP2 silencing (si-IGF2BP2). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: PDAC cells (PANC-1, Capan-2, BxPC-3, and CFPAC-1) and normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line (HPDE6) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and Chinese Academy of Sciences Cell Bank (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Injection, shRNA, Stable Transfection, Control, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, In Vivo, Transfection, Luciferase, Labeling, In Vivo Imaging, CCK-8 Assay, Viability Assay, Over Expression, Knockdown, Transwell Migration Assay

Journal: BMC Cancer

Article Title: Role of Cancer Associated Fibroblast (CAF) derived miRNAs on head and neck malignancies microenvironment: a systematic review

doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-13965-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary characteristics of included studies

Article Snippet: Jin Yang1 – Et al [ ] , 2021 , china , In vitro (human) and In vivo (animal) , oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) , In vitro case sample: 1. 6 OSCC patients (were obtained from the West China Hospital of Stomatology at Sichuan University during 2017–2019; The OSCC patients were 45–63 years old, experienced no relapses, and underwent no preoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.) 2. The human OSCC cell lines Cal-27, UMSCC-1, HSC-2, and FaDu were purchased from ATCC or obtained from the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases In vitro control sample: 1. 6 patients who received third molar extraction as normal controls 2. Cal-27 cells were used alone as the control group in this study In vivo case sample: Four- to six-week-old BALB/c nude mice, half male and half female, were purchased from Charles River (Beijing, China) , 1. Clinical tissue sample collection and primary cell culture 2. Plasmid construction and cell transfection 3. Cell lines and mice 4. RNA isolation, RNA sequencing, and qRT-PCR 5. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence 6. Histology and immunohistochemistry 7. Western blotting 8. RNA-FISH and luciferase reporter assays 9. Bioinformatic analysis 10. Statistical analysis , Using siRNA to knock down lncRNA H19 suppressed the MAPK signaling pathway and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and miR-675-5p. Additionally, the lncRNA H19/miR-675-5p/PFKFB3 axis was found to promote the glycolysis pathway in oral cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), confirmed through luciferase reporter system assays and treatment with a specific miRNA inhibitor miR-675-5p/PFKFB3 act as key regulators in lncRNA H19-mediated glycolysis in oral CAFs , The lncRNA H19 was found to be a crucial lncRNA in oral cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and was simultaneously increased in both oral cancer cell lines and CAFs. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA) techniques, we found that reducing lncRNA H19 levels impacted the growth, movement, and glucose metabolism of oral cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The study introduces a novel approach to analyzing glucose metabolism in oral cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), potentially offering a unique biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) diagnosis and a fresh target for anti-tumor treatment.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control, Formalin-fixed Paraffin-Embedded, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Cell Culture, Transfection, Western Blot, Migration, Biomarker Discovery, Isolation, Purification, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Over Expression, Labeling, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, RNA Extraction, Sequencing, Quantitative Proteomics, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Luciferase, Gene Expression, Disruption, Reporter Assay, Immunodepletion, Amplification, Immunocytochemistry, Flow Cytometry, Derivative Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Extraction, Microarray, Contraction Assay, Comparison, In Vivo, Ex Vivo, Staining, Invasion Assay, Tube Formation Assay, Fluorescence, In Situ Hybridization, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Inhibition, Apoptosis Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Produced, Phospho-proteomics, Transformation Assay, Activation Assay, Cell Isolation, Transduction, Stable Transfection, DNA Methylation Assay, Cell Migration Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Zymography, Functional Assay, Translocation Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Construct, MTT Assay, Co-culture Assay, Pull Down Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Tumorigenicity Assay, Transferring, RNA Sequencing, Knockdown, Small Interfering RNA, Immunostaining, Protein-Protein interactions, Gradient Centrifugation, CCK-8 Assay, Injection, Protein Extraction